redeye_sim

RedEye is a vision sensor designed to execute early stages of a deep convolutional neural network (ConvNet) in the analog domain. This repo is a modification of Caffe for three main goals:

• Simulate and visualize the noise vs. energy tradeoffs of analog ConvNet processing
• Train and test RedEye-specific ConvNets
• Build RedEye-ConvNet programs to interface with RedEye hardware (PRIVATE).

redeye_sim Modifications to Caffe

• Gaussian Noise Layer: Parameterized with SNR, this layer simulates the signal infidelity of analog processing.
• Uniform Noise Layer: Parameterized with SNR, this layer uses uniform noise to simulate the signal infidelity of the quantization of the analog-to-digital converter.
• Quantization Layer: Parameterized with bits, this layer truncates data to simulate the quantization of the analog-to-digital converter.
• Weight Digitization: This represents the bit-resolution of the of the fixed-point model weights used in the mixed-signal multiply-accumulate unit.
• (Un)Gamma: Converts nonlinear input pixel values into linear luminance values.

Getting Started

• You can either choose to use the caffe source included in redeye_sim, or download and replace theredeye_sim/caffe directory with the latest caffe source. For the latter choice, execute redify.sh under thescripts directory to add redeye_sim modifications.
• Copy the makefile and config files from redeye_sim/configs/caffe to the redeye_sim/caffe directory.
• Call make redeye command under the root redeye_sim directory.
• Download the ImageNet dataset. Execute create_lmdb.sh to generate lmdb files for train and validation.
• Download the pre-trained GoogLeNet caffemodel. Note: keep paths in data.config consistent when making data and run workflow.

Tuning and testing

redeye_sim/simulation contains workflows to train the models (tune.py) and generates statistics (validate.py) for their performance. The workflows automatically inject noise layers to existing models, simulating analog noise behavior. Each workflow sweeps through a range of given noise SNRs, configured as follows:

• Configure datapath directories, batch sizes, and data layer noise in configs/data.config. Recommended: use soft links for large data files.
• Configure parameter intervals and prototxt templates in configs/run.config.
  • Specify the sweeping interval of Gaussian noise “gaussian_intvl” and uniform noise “uniform_intvl”, which represents circuit noise and ADC noise, respectively.
  • Specify the digitization bit-resolution “digitization_bits” of fixed-point weights.
  • Specify the depth (number of convolution layers) “depth” of analog execution.

redeye_sim/simulation also contains a workflow.py to procedurally train and test models in the SNR ranges. An example run of the complete workflow: under /simulation, execute python workflow.py --test_iter 500 --tune_iter 12000 --dest ../stats/test.csv --g 15,30 --q 15,25. This will sweep the SNR space and run fine tune for each noise-contaminated model for 12000 iterations, write results to test.csv, and save the test.png plot under plots folder. After too many runs, you can run /tools/cleaner.sh to clean up the messy .prototxt’s and .caffemodel’s if you do not need them anymore. (Keep them if you want to save time running later)

Limitations & Assumptions

• The training data for simulation does not account for real-world image signal effects, e.g., over-exposure, white-balance.
• The simulation does not include circuit non-idealities, e.g., offset, gain, signal decay.
• Energy estimates for timing circuitry and signal propagation are not included.

Common Compilation Errors

If you are not using Makefile and Makefile.config under configs, here are some common errors that may occur:

• Cannot find arrayobject.h or Python.h: look in site-packages instead of dist-packages, or /usr/local/libinstead of /usr/lib
• Cannot find cblas.h: Modify the following lines in Makefile.config: (The BLAS_INCLUDE ?= in else statement, modify the path to your actual path that contains cblas.h. This path can be found by unix command find / -name cblas.h)

        ifneq (,$(findstring version: 6,$(XCODE_CLT_VER)))
            BLAS_INCLUDE ?= /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/Current/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/
            LDFLAGS += -framework Accelerate
        else
            BLAS_INCLUDE ?= /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/Headers/
            #LDFLAGS += -framework vecLib
            LDFLAGS += -framework Accelerate
        endif

• Cannot load image _caffe.so: Ensure that DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH contains ~/caffe/build/lib, PYTHONPATHcontains ~/caffe/python, and Makefile contains libc++11. Ensure that libc++11 is correctly set in CXXFLAGSand NVCCFLAGS. These changes should be made in Makefile and Makefile.config under configs/caffe.

If importing python results in a segfault, you are not using the right python for which caffe is installed. This is usually/usr/bin/python.

License

This repo is distributed for free usage.